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Therefore, there is the concept of a vent pipe, which allows the pressure to escape, as shown here: You may have wondered why houses have pipes sticking up out of the roof. They are vent pipes to relieve the pressure so that P-traps can do their jobs. It turns out that vents also break vacuums so water flows down the pipes faster. Besides covering P-traps and vent pipes, the uniform plumbing code specifies all sorts of other things: The required diameters for pipes The allowed materials for pipes The types of joints you can use The necessary supports for pipes The angle at which pipes must fall The longest distance for lateral pipes And on and on and on through hundreds of pages When plumbers follow all the rules, they are able to create extremely reliable and safe plumbing systems. Over time, new rules get added as people realize funny little quirks and nuances. These new rules prevent problems in the future, and each one makes the code a little bigger and better. This is all a nice way to say that, even though plumbing looks simple in this section, there are many subtleties and nuances dictated by code that plumbers know and neophytes generally do not. (The same holds true for electrical systems, by the way.) Rough plumbing involves installing all of the water lines, sewer lines and bathtubs. Tubs are normally installed early because: One-piece shower-and-tub units are big and often cannot be maneuvered into place later in the construction cycle. They also frequently "change size" -- that is, the size drawn on the plans and the size delivered often differ significantly. A full tub is heavy. Therefore, the tub is installed and filled so that the frame can settle quickly. This step prevents cracked walls and tile the first time someone uses the tub. Typically, rough plumbing involves installing all sewer lines and vents as well as all water supply lines for each fixture. Here's a typical sink fixture: Here's the fixture for a washer: The tub is put in place and filled. Note the framing problem being corrected on the left side of the tub because the tub changed size: Here are the lines for the tub: In the crawl space, the supply lines all branch off from common pipes running the length of the house: SIDE-BY-SIDE COUPLER (WITHOUT CHAIR) A fitting to lap two tubes in parallel, the one bolt fixing firmly securing the tubes together in direct contact. RAFTER COUPLER Designed for securing timber to tube: is particularly useful in the construction of temporary roofs, sheds, hoardings, grandstands, formwork, etc. Rafter Couplers are used extensively in both film and television studios for set construction. The vice-like grip of this fitting holds timbers in position without the use of nails or screws. DUAL CLAMPS The fittings are unique in that they secure tubes of 1.90" (48.3mm) down to 1.50" (38mm) on both sides. Supplied in two types: Right Angle (90°) (rigid). Swivel (360°) (adjustable). Dual Double Coupler - one piece design for connecting horizontal or ledger tubes to standards. Dual Swivel Coupler - one piece design for attaching bracing tubes at any angle. BEAM CLAMP Totally drop forged with swivel facility. R.S.J. COUPLER Solid one piece drop forged steel fittings: used for securing 48.3mm (1.90") OD tubes to structural steel members. This house uses standard vinyl siding. The siding is made from thin, flexible sheets of plastic about 2 millimeters thick, pre-colored and bent into shape during manufacturing. The sheets are 12 feet long and about a foot high. You start at the bottom and the sheets interlock into each other as you go up. Because vinyl expands and contracts due to temperature and sunlight, it fits into deep channels at the corners and around windows and doors. The channels are deep enough that as the siding contracts it remains within the channel. The following shot shows a channel nailed to a corner of the house and a piece of siding fitting into it. It is nailed in place and ready for the next sheet to be interlocked and installed above it: This is the back wall of the house, showing the scaffolding used to install the siding: This shot shows roofline detail. The area extending out from the house under the roof is known as the soffit (parallel to the roof).
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